4.2.2.2 Religious Commonality and the Golden Rule
(The latest version of this page is at Pattern Descriptions. An archived copy of this page is held at https://www.patternsofpower.org/edition02/4222.htm)
It is not now realistic to expect religious people to agree with one another or to converge on any form of homogeneity of beliefs; the diversity is irreversible. The most that can now be hoped for is mutual respect and agreement on how to behave. The Golden Rule, which is also known as the ethic of reciprocity, provides a helpful formula. It is striking how, in the Axial Age (from 900 to 200 BCE), to use Karen Armstrong's words:
in four distinct regions, the great world traditions that have continued to nourish humanity came into being: Confucianism and Daoism in China; Hinduism and Buddhism in India; monotheism in Israel; and philosophical rationalism in Greece..Each tradition developed its own formulation of the Golden Rule: do not do to others what you would not have done to you. [1]
The wording varies widely, as in these examples from the Abrahamic religions:
Jesus taught: "So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets".[2]
Judaism is equally unequivocal: "What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbour: that is the whole Torah; all the rest of it is commentary".[3]
For Islam: "No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself".[4] (It is presumably valid to define ones neighbour as ones brother).
Other religions have their own versions of the Golden Rule.[5]
The different religious groups will never agree with one another on everything,
but there are many elements of commonality and they all have a basis for
supporting the Golden Rule. The relationships between their beliefs can be
visually summarised by the image of a flower:
At its centre is the Golden Rule a shared emphasis on consideration towards other people and the petals are the doctrines, authoritative texts, leaders, rituals, important figures and the codes of practice (such as dress codes and dietary rules). There are multiple petals of each type, representing the fact that it is in these aspects that the different religions and sects vary. Protestants and Catholics, for example, share the same Bible (whilst interpreting some parts of it differently, giving rise to doctrinal differences) but they have different leaders and several other differences. The original schism between Sunni and Shia Islam was over leadership.[6]
PatternsofPower.org, 2014